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<title>Mechatronics</title>

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</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Mechatronics</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Occupation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Names</th><td class="infobox-data">Mechatronics Engineer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Occupation type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Engineering" title="Engineering">Engineering</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Activity sectors</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Electrical and mechanical industry, engineering industry</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Specialty</th><td class="infobox-data">Mechanical engineering, electrical/electronics engineering, computer engineering, software programming, system engineering, control system, smart and intelligent system, automation and robotics</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Description</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Competencies</th><td class="infobox-data">Multidisciplinary technical knowledge, electro-mechanical system design, system integration and maintenance</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Fields of<br>employment</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Science, technology, engineering, industry, computer, exploration</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Mechatronics engineering</b>, also called <b>mechatronics</b>, is the synergistic integration of mechanical, electrical, and computer systems employing <a href="Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical engineering</a>, <a href="Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a>, <a href="Electronic_engineering" title="Electronic engineering">electronic engineering</a> and <a href="Computer_engineering" title="Computer engineering">computer engineering</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also includes a combination of <a href="Robotics" title="Robotics">robotics</a>, <a href="Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, <a href="Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">telecommunications</a>, <a href="Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">systems</a>, <a href="Control_engineering" title="Control engineering">control</a>, <a href="Automation" title="Automation">automation</a> and <a href="Product_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Product engineering">product engineering</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CZU_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CZU-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>As <a href="Technology" title="Technology">technology</a> advances over time, various subfields of <a href="Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> have succeeded in both adapting and multiplying. The intention of mechatronics is to produce a design solution that unifies each of these various subfields. Originally, the field of mechatronics was intended to be nothing more than a combination of mechanics, electrical and electronics, hence the name being a <a href="Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of the words "<b>mecha</b>nics" and "elec<b>tronics</b>"; however, as the complexity of technical systems continued to evolve, the definition had been broadened to include more technical areas.

</p><p>Many people treat <i>mechatronics</i> as a modern buzzword synonymous with <a href="Automation" title="Automation">automation</a>, <a href="Robotics" title="Robotics">robotics</a> and <a href="Electromechanical_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Electromechanical engineering">electromechanical engineering</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>French standard NF E 01-010 gives the following definition: "approach aiming at the synergistic integration of mechanics, electronics, control theory, and computer science within product design and manufacturing, in order to improve and/or optimize its functionality".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>No later than in 1951, the word <i>mechatronics</i> was used in an advertisement of the company Servomechanisms, Inc., as can be seen in the journal <i>Nucleonics</i>, vol. 9, issue 3 on page 99.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The word <i>mechatronics</i> originated in <a href="Wasei-eigo" title="Wasei-eigo">Japanese-English</a> and was created by Tetsuro Mori, an engineer of <a href="Yaskawa_Electric_Corporation" title="Yaskawa Electric Corporation">Yaskawa Electric Corporation</a>. The word <i>mechatronics</i> was registered as <a href="Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a> by the company in Japan with the registration number of "46-32714" in 1971. The company later released the right to use the word to the public, and the word began being used globally. Currently the word is translated into many languages and is considered an essential term for advanced automated industry.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>With the advent of <a href="Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> in the 1980s, <a href="Microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="Microprocessors">microprocessors</a> were introduced into mechanical systems, improving performance significantly. By the 1990s, advances in computational intelligence were applied to mechatronics in ways that revolutionized the field.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div>

<p>A mechatronics engineer unites the principles of mechanics, electrical, electronics, and computing to generate a simpler, more economical and reliable system.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Engineering_cybernetics" title="Engineering cybernetics">Engineering cybernetics</a> deals with the question of control engineering of mechatronic systems. It is used to control or regulate such a system (see <a href="Control_theory" title="Control theory">control theory</a>). Through collaboration, the mechatronic modules perform the production goals and inherit flexible and <a href="Agile_manufacturing" title="Agile manufacturing">agile manufacturing</a> properties in the production scheme. Modern production equipment consists of mechatronic modules that are integrated according to a control architecture. The most known architectures involve <a href="Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">hierarchy</a>, <a href="Polyarchy" title="Polyarchy">polyarchy</a>, <a href="Heterarchy" title="Heterarchy">heterarchy</a>, and hybrid. The methods for achieving a technical effect are described by control <a href="Algorithm" title="Algorithm">algorithms</a>, which might or might not utilize <a href="Formal_method" class="mw-redirect" title="Formal method">formal methods</a> in their design. Hybrid systems important to mechatronics include <a href="Operations_management#Production_systems" title="Operations management">production systems</a>, synergy drives,

<a href="Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">exploration rovers</a>, automotive subsystems such as <a href="Anti-lock_braking_system" title="Anti-lock braking system">anti-lock braking systems</a> and spin-assist, and everyday equipment such as autofocus cameras, video, <a href="Hard_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard disk">hard disks</a>, CD players and phones.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subdisciplines">Subdisciplines</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanical">Mechanical</h3></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">Mechanical engineering</a></div>

<p>Mechanical engineering is an important part of mechatronics engineering. It includes the study of mechanical nature of how an object works. Mechanical elements refer to mechanical structure, mechanism, thermo-fluid, and hydraulic aspects of a mechatronics system. The study of <a href="Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">thermodynamics</a>, <a href="Dynamics_(mechanics)" title="Dynamics (mechanics)">dynamics</a>, <a href="Fluid_mechanics" title="Fluid mechanics">fluid mechanics</a>, <a href="Pneumatics" title="Pneumatics">pneumatics</a> and <a href="Hydraulics" title="Hydraulics">hydraulics</a>. Mechatronics engineer who works a mechanical engineer can specialize in <a href="Hydraulic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic system">hydraulics</a> and <a href="Pneumatic_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumatic System">pneumatics systems</a>, where they can be found working in automobile industries. A mechatronics engineer can also design a vehicle since they have strong mechanical and electronical background. Knowledge of software applications such as <a href="Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">computer-aided design</a> and <a href="Computer_aided_manufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer aided manufacturing">computer aided manufacturing</a> is essential for designing products. Mechatronics covers a part of mechanical syllabus which is widely applied in automobile industry.

</p><p>Mechatronic systems represent a large part of the functions of an automobile. The control loop formed by sensor—information processing—actuator—mechanical (physical) change is found in many systems. The system size can be very different. The <a href="Anti-lock_braking_system" title="Anti-lock braking system">anti-lock braking system</a> (ABS) is a mechatronic system. The brake itself is also one. And the control loop formed by driving control (for example cruise control), engine, vehicle driving speed in the real world and speed measurement is a mechatronic system, too.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The great importance of mechatronics for automotive engineering is also evident from the fact that vehicle manufacturers often have development departments with "Mechatronics" in their names.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronics_and_electricals">Electronics and electricals</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Electronics_and_electrical_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronics and electrical engineering">Electronics and electrical engineering</a></div>

<p>Electronics and telecommunication engineering specializes in electronics devices and telecom devices of a mechatronics system. A mechatronics engineer specialized in electronics and telecommunications have knowledge of computer hardware devices. The transmission of signal is the main application of this subfield of mechatronics. Where digital and analog systems also forms an important part of mechatronics systems. Telecommunications engineering deals with the <a href="Transmission_(telecommunications)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission (telecommunications)">transmission</a> of <a href="Information" title="Information">information</a> across a medium.

</p><p>Electronics engineering is related to <a href="Computer_engineering" title="Computer engineering">computer engineering</a> and <a href="Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a>. Control engineering has a wide range of electronic applications from the flight and propulsion systems of <a href="Airliner" title="Airliner">commercial airplanes</a> to the <a href="Cruise_control" title="Cruise control">cruise control</a> present in many modern cars (<a href="Automobiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobiles">automobiles</a>). <a href="VLSI" class="mw-redirect" title="VLSI">VLSI</a> designing is important for creating integrated circuits. Mechatronics engineers have deep knowledge of microprocessors, microcontrollers, microchips and semiconductors. The application of mechatronics in electronics manufacturing industry can conduct research and development on consumer electronic devices such as mobile phones, computers, cameras etc. For mechatronics engineers it is necessary to learn operating computer applications such as <a href="MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a> and <a href="Simulink" title="Simulink">Simulink</a> for designing and developing electronic products.

</p><p>Mechatronics engineering is an interdisciplinary course, it includes concepts of both electrical and mechanical systems. A mechatronics engineer engages in designing <a href="Transformer" title="Transformer">high power transformers</a> or <a href="Rf_transmitter_module" class="mw-redirect" title="Rf transmitter module">radio-frequency module transmitters</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Avionics">Avionics</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Avionics" title="Avionics">Avionics</a></div>

<p><a href="Avionics" title="Avionics">Avionics</a> is also considered a variant of mechatronics as it combines several fields such as <a href="Electronic_engineering" title="Electronic engineering">electronics</a> and telecom with <a href="Aerospace_engineering" title="Aerospace engineering">aerospace engineering</a>. It is the subdiscipline of mechatronics engineering and aerospace engineering which is engineering branch focusing on electronics systems of aircraft. The word avionics is a blend of aviation and electronics. The electronics system of aircraft includes <a href="Aircraft_Communication_Addressing_and_Reporting_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System">aircraft communication addressing and reporting system</a>, <a href="Air_navigation" title="Air navigation">air navigation</a>, <a href="Aircraft_flight_control_system" title="Aircraft flight control system">aircraft flight control system</a>, <a href="Aircraft_collision_avoidance_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft collision avoidance systems">aircraft collision avoidance systems</a>, <a href="Flight_recorder" title="Flight recorder">flight recorder</a>, <a href="Weather_radar" title="Weather radar">weather radar</a> and <a href="Lightning_detector" title="Lightning detector">lightning detector</a>. These can be as simple as a <a href="Searchlight" title="Searchlight">searchlight</a> for a <a href="Police_helicopter" class="mw-redirect" title="Police helicopter">police helicopter</a> or as complicated as the tactical system for an <a href="Airborne_early_warning" class="mw-redirect" title="Airborne early warning">airborne early warning</a> platform.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advanced_mechatronics">Advanced mechatronics</h3></div>

<p>Another variant is motion control for advanced mechatronics, presently recognized as a key technology in mechatronics. The robustness of motion control will be represented as a function of stiffness and a basis for practical realization. Target of motion is parameterized by control stiffness which could be variable according to the task reference. The system robustness of motion always requires very high stiffness in the controller.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial">Industrial</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Industrial_engineering" title="Industrial engineering">Industrial engineering</a></div>

<p>The branch of industrial engineer includes the design of machinery, assembly and process lines of various manufacturing industries. This branch can be said somewhat similar to automation and robotics. Mechatronics engineers who works as industrial engineers design and develop infrastructure of a manufacturing plant. Also it can be said that they are architect of machines. One can work as an industrial designer to design the industrial layout and plan for setting up of a manufacturing industry or as an industrial technician to lookover the technical requirements and repairing of the particular factory.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Robotics">Robotics</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Robotics" title="Robotics">Robotics</a></div>

<p>Robotics is one of the newest emerging subfield of mechatronics. It is the study of robots and how they are manufactured and operated. Since 2000, this branch of mechatronics is attracting a number of aspirants. Robotics is interrelated with automation because here also not much human intervention is required. In a large number of factories, especially in automobile factories, robots are found in assembly lines, where they perform the job of drilling, installation and fitting. Programming skills are necessary for specialization in robotics. Knowledge of programming language—<a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">ROBOTC</a>—is important for functioning robots. An <a href="Industrial_robot" title="Industrial robot">industrial robot</a> is a prime example of a mechatronics system; it includes aspects of electronics, mechanics and computing to do its day-to-day jobs.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computer">Computer</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="Computer_engineering" title="Computer engineering">Computer engineering</a> and <a href="Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">Internet of things</a></div>

<p>The <a href="Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">Internet of things</a> (IoT) is the <a href="Internetworking" title="Internetworking">inter-networking</a> of physical devices, <a href="Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">embedded</a> with <a href="Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a>, <a href="Software" title="Software">software</a>, <a href="Sensor" title="Sensor">sensors</a>, <a href="Actuator" title="Actuator">actuators</a>, and <a href="Internet_access" title="Internet access">network connectivity</a> which enable these objects to collect and exchange <a href="Data" title="Data">data</a>. IoT and mechatronics are complementary. Many of the smart components associated with the Internet of Things will be essentially mechatronic. The development of the IoT is forcing mechatronics engineers, designers, practitioners and educators to research the ways in which mechatronic systems and components are perceived, designed and manufactured. This allows them to face up to new issues such as data security, <a href="Machine_ethics" title="Machine ethics">machine ethics</a> and the human-machine interface.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Knowledge of programming is very important. A mechatronics engineer has to do programming in different levels – for example, <a href="PLC_programming" class="mw-redirect" title="PLC programming">PLC programming</a>, <a href="Unmanned_aerial_vehicle#Software" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drone programming</a>, <a href="Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">hardware programming</a>, <a href="Computer_numerical_control" title="Computer numerical control">CNC programming</a>, etc. Due to combination of electronics engineering, soft skills from computer side is important. Important programming languages for mechatronics engineer to learn are <a href="Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> and <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C programming language</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occupational_Outlook">Occupational Outlook</h2></div>

<p>According to the <a href="Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics" title="Bureau of Labor Statistics">U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics</a>, the occupational outlook for mechatronics between 2016 and 2026 was 4% growth then declined to -4% for 2021 to 2031 then recovered to a -1% decline for 2023 to 2033.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Automation_engineering" title="Automation engineering">Automation engineering</a> – Branch of engineering dealing with automated solutions to physical activities</li>

<li><a href="Computer_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer Science">Computer Science</a> – Study of computation<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li>

<li><a href="Control_theory" title="Control theory">Control theory</a> – Branch of engineering and mathematics</li>

<li><a href="Cybernetics" title="Cybernetics">Cybernetics</a> – Transdisciplinary field concerned with regulatory and purposive systems</li>

<li><a href="Ecomechatronics" title="Ecomechatronics">Ecomechatronics</a> – Mechatronical technology reducing the ecological impact of machines</li>

<li><a href="Electromechanics" title="Electromechanics">Electromechanics</a> – Multidisciplinary field of engineering</li>

<li><a href="Materials_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Materials engineering">Materials engineering</a> – Research of materials<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li>

<li><a href="Mechanical_engineering_technology" title="Mechanical engineering technology">Mechanical engineering technology</a> – Overview of mechanical engineering technology</li>

<li><a href="Robotics" title="Robotics">Robotics</a> – Design, construction, use, and application of robots</li>

<li><a href="Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">Systems engineering</a> – Interdisciplinary field of engineering</li>

<li><a href="Biomechatronics" title="Biomechatronics">Biomechatronics</a> – Interdisciplinary science integrating biology and mechatronics</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFEscudierAtkins2019" class="citation journal cs1">Escudier, Marcel; Atkins, Tony (2019). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780198832102.001.0001">"A Dictionary of Mechanical Engineering"</a></span>. <i>Oxford Reference</i>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198832102.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780198832102.001.0001</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-19-883210-2</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMechanical_and_Mechatronics_Engineering2012" class="citation web cs1">Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering (9 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uwaterloo.ca/mechanical-mechatronics-engineering/future-undergraduate-students/mechatronics-engineering">"Mechatronics Engineering"</a>. <i>Future undergraduate students</i>. University of Waterloo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-CZU-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CZU_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFaculty_of_Mechatronics,_Informatics_and_Interdisciplinary_Studies_TUL" class="citation web cs1">Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies TUL. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mechatronics.tul.cz">"Mechatronics (Bc., Ing., PhD.)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence J. Kamm (1996). Understanding Electro-Mechanical Engineering: An Introduction to Mechatronics. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7803-1031-5</bdi></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bolton, W. Mechatronics. Pearson, 6th edition, 2015. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-292-07668-3</bdi></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_nucleonics_1951-09_9_3/page/98/mode/2up">"Mechatronics advertisement"</a>. <i>Nucleonics</i>. Vol. 9, no. 3. The McGraw-Hill Companies. September 1951. p. 99 – via Internet Archive.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Msc. Mechatronics and Automation Engineering, University of Strathclyde Glasgow, Institution of Engineering and Technology, United Kingdom. Retrieved 29 November 2020.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The mechatronics handbook</i>. Robert H. Bishop (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 2008. pp. Chapter 1, Page 2. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4398-3320-9</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/795209909">795209909</a>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (link)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHilgers2020" class="citation book cs1">Hilgers, Michael (2020). <i>Commercial Vehicle Technology. Electrical Systems and Mechatronics</i>. Berlin/Heidelberg/New York: Springer. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-662-60838-8">10.1007/978-3-662-60838-8</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-662-60837-1</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=491410">"Motion Control and Advanced Mechatronics"</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBradleyRussellFerguson2015" class="citation journal cs1">Bradley, David; Russell, David; Ferguson, Ian (March 2015). "The Internet of Things-The future or the end of mechatronics". <i>Mechatronics</i>. <b>27</b>: <span class="nowrap">57–</span>74. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.mechatronics.2015.02.005">10.1016/j.mechatronics.2015.02.005</a>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10059%2F1355">10059/1355</a></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190109004601/https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/electro-mechanical-technicians.htm">"Electro-mechanical Technicians : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/electro-mechanical-technicians.htm">the original</a> on 9 January 2019.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230120165531/https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/electro-mechanical-technicians.htm">"Electro-mechanical and Mechatronics Technologists and Technicians : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/electro-mechanical-technicians.htm">the original</a> on 20 January 2023.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/electro-mechanical-technicians.htm">https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/electro-mechanical-technicians.htm</a></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div>

<ul><li>Bradley, Dawson et al., <i>Mechatronics, Electronics in products and processes</i>, Chapman and Hall Verlag, <a href="London" title="London">London</a>, 1991.</li>

<li>Karnopp, Dean C., Donald L. Margolis, Ronald C. Rosenberg, <i>System Dynamics: Modeling and Simulation of Mechatronic Systems</i>, 4th Edition, Wiley, 2006. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-471-70965-4</bdi> Bestselling system dynamics book using bond graph approach.</li>

<li>Cetinkunt, Sabri, <i>Mechatronics</i>, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2007 <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-471-47987-1</bdi></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFJames_J._Nutaro2010" class="citation book cs1">James J. Nutaro (2010). <i>Building software for simulation: theory and algorithms, with applications in C++</i>. Wiley.</cite></li>

<li>Zhang, Jianhua . <i>Mechatronics and Automation Engineering. Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation Engineering (ICMAE2016). Xiamen, China, 2016.</i></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Bishop, Robert H., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CTfQPQRooMgC">Mechatronics: an introduction</a>. <a href="CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>, 2006.</li>

<li>De Silva, Clarence W., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CjB2ygeR95cC">Mechatronics: an integrated approach</a>. CRC Press, 2005</li>

<li>Onwubolu, Godfrey C., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bgK8kCMpD_YC">Mechatronics: principles and applications</a>. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005.</li>

<li>Rankers, Adrian M., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechatronics-academy.nl/Machine%20Dynamics%20in%20Mechatronic%20Systems%20-%20Adrian%20M.%20Rankers.pdf">Machine Dynamics in Mechatronic Systems</a>. University Twente, 1997</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee-asme-mechatronics.org/">IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics.</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/933/description">Mechatronics Journal</a> – Elsevier</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cedrat.com/en/publications/categories/device-systems/systems/mechatronics.html">mechatronic applications and realisation</a> List of publications concerning examples</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imeche.org/get-involved/special-interest-groups/mechatronics-informatics-and-control-group">Institution of Mechanical Engineers - Mechatronics, Informatics and Control Group (MICG)</a></li>

<li>NF E 01-010 2008 – AFNOR (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesame-innovation.com/Publi/Fichier/NF%20E%2001-010_draft_translation.pdf">French standard NF E 01-010</a>)</li>

<li>XP E 01-013 2009 – AFNOR (French standard NF E 01-013)</li></ul>

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<ul><li><a href="History_of_engineering" title="History of engineering">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Outline_of_engineering" title="Outline of engineering">Outline</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_engineering_branches" title="List of engineering branches">List of engineering branches</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialties<br>and<br><a href="Interdisciplinarity" title="Interdisciplinarity">interdisciplinarity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

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<ul><li><a href="Sanitary_engineering" title="Sanitary engineering">Sanitary</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Geological_engineering" title="Geological engineering">Geological</a></li>

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<ul><li><a href="Broadcast_engineering" title="Broadcast engineering">Broadcast</a>

<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_computer_engineering" title="Outline of computer engineering">outline</a></li></ul></li>

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<li><a href="Electromechanics" title="Electromechanics">Electromechanics</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_engineering" title="Electronic engineering">Electronics</a></li>

<li><a href="Microwave_engineering" title="Microwave engineering">Microwaves</a></li>

<li><a href="Optical_engineering" title="Optical engineering">Optical</a></li>

<li><a href="Power_engineering" title="Power engineering">Power</a></li>

<li><a href="Radio-frequency_engineering" title="Radio-frequency engineering">Radio-frequency</a></li>

<li><a href="Signal_processing" title="Signal processing">Signal processing</a></li>

<li><a href="Telecommunications_engineering" title="Telecommunications engineering">Telecommunications</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">Chemical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Biochemical_engineering" title="Biochemical engineering">Biochemical/bioprocess</a></li>

<li><a href="Biological_engineering" title="Biological engineering">Biological</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bioresource_engineering" title="Bioresource engineering">Bioresource</a></li>

<li><a href="Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">Genetic</a></li>

<li><a href="Tissue_engineering" title="Tissue engineering">Tissue</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Chemical_reaction_engineering" title="Chemical reaction engineering">Chemical reaction</a></li>

<li><a href="Electrochemical_engineering" title="Electrochemical engineering">Electrochemical</a></li>

<li><a href="Molecular_engineering" title="Molecular engineering">Molecular</a></li>

<li><a href="Paper_engineering" title="Paper engineering">Paper</a></li>

<li><a href="Petroleum_engineering" title="Petroleum engineering">Petroleum</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_engineering" title="Process engineering">Process</a></li>

<li><a href="Chemical_reaction_engineering" title="Chemical reaction engineering">Reaction</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Materials_science" title="Materials science">Materials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Biomaterial" title="Biomaterial">Biomaterial</a></li>

<li><a href="Ceramic_engineering" title="Ceramic engineering">Ceramics</a></li>

<li><a href="Corrosion_engineering" title="Corrosion engineering">Corrosion</a></li>

<li><a href="Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li>

<li><a href="Molecular_engineering" title="Molecular engineering">Molecular</a></li>

<li><a href="Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">Nanotechnology</a></li>

<li><a href="Polymer_engineering" title="Polymer engineering">Polymers</a></li>

<li><a href="Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">Semiconductors</a></li>

<li><a href="Surface_engineering" title="Surface engineering">Surfaces</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Systems_engineering_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Systems engineering (disambiguation)">Computer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Computer_engineering" title="Computer engineering">Computer</a></li>

<li><a href="Cybersecurity_engineering" title="Cybersecurity engineering">Cybersecurity</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_network_engineering" title="Computer network engineering">Networks</a></li>

<li><a href="Robotics_engineering" title="Robotics engineering">Robotics</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">Software</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Engineering_education" title="Engineering education">Engineering education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bachelor_of_Engineering" title="Bachelor of Engineering">Bachelor of Engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a></li>

<li><a href="Master's_degree" title="Master's degree">Master's degree</a></li>

<li><a href="Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctorate</a></li>

<li><a href="Graduate_certificate" title="Graduate certificate">Graduate certificate</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineer's_degree" title="Engineer's degree">Engineer's degree</a></li>

<li><a href="Regulation_and_licensure_in_engineering" title="Regulation and licensure in engineering">Licensed engineer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Engineer" title="Engineer">Engineer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Glossary" title="Glossary">Glossaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Engineering

<li><a href="Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering" title="Glossary of aerospace engineering">Aerospace engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_civil_engineering" title="Glossary of civil engineering">Civil engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_electrical_and_electronics_engineering" title="Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering">Electrical and electronics engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_mechanical_engineering" title="Glossary of mechanical engineering">Mechanical engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_structural_engineering" title="Glossary of structural engineering">Structural engineering</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Agricultural_engineering" title="Agricultural engineering">Agricultural</a></li>

<li><a href="Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Audio</a></li>

<li><a href="Automation_engineering" title="Automation engineering">Automation</a></li>

<li><a href="Biomedical_engineering" title="Biomedical engineering">Biomedical</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a></li>

<li><a href="Clinical_engineering" title="Clinical engineering">Clinical</a></li>

<li><a href="Health_technology" title="Health technology">Health technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Pharmaceutical_engineering" title="Pharmaceutical engineering">Pharmaceutical</a></li>

<li><a href="Rehabilitation_engineering" title="Rehabilitation engineering">Rehabilitation</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Building_services_engineering" title="Building services engineering">Building services</a>

<li><a href="Design_engineer" title="Design engineer">Design</a></li>

<li><a href="Explosives_engineering" title="Explosives engineering">Explosives</a></li>

<li><a href="Facilities_engineering" title="Facilities engineering">Facilities</a></li>

<li><a href="Forensic_engineering" title="Forensic engineering">Forensic</a></li>

<li><a href="Climate_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate engineering">Climate</a></li>

<li><a href="Geomatics_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Geomatics engineering">Geomatics</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineering_drawing" title="Engineering drawing">Graphics</a></li>

<li><a href="Industrial_engineering" title="Industrial engineering">Industrial</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_engineering" title="Information engineering">Information</a></li>

<li><a href="Instrumentation_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Instrumentation engineering">Instrumentation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Instrumentation_and_control_engineering" title="Instrumentation and control engineering">Instrumentation and control</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Logistics_engineering" title="Logistics engineering">Logistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineering_management" title="Engineering management">Management</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineering_mathematics" title="Engineering mathematics">Mathematics</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_engineering" title="Military engineering">Military</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_engineering" title="Nuclear engineering">Nuclear</a></li>

<li><a href="Ontology_engineering" title="Ontology engineering">Ontology</a></li>

<li><a href="Packaging_engineering" title="Packaging engineering">Packaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineering_physics" title="Engineering physics">Physics</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy_engineering" title="Privacy engineering">Privacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Safety_engineering" title="Safety engineering">Safety</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_engineering" title="Security engineering">Security</a></li>

<li><a href="Survey_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Survey engineering">Survey</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_engineering" title="Sustainable engineering">Sustainability</a></li>

<li><a href="Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">Systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Textile_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Textile engineering">Textile</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Engineering" class="extiw external" title="commons:Engineering">Commons</a></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"></span></span> Wikiproject</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Portal%3AEngineering" title="Portal:Engineering">Portal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180165#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1262" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180165#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1262" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4238812-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh93001518">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119850628">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119850628">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01080340">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="mechatronika"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph122728&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007551577105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/697b8e83-7c87-428b-9cd3-9b4999b88af8">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-31" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Mechatronics&oldid=1303502973">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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